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Nom Année Pays Science |
Réalisations |
391 |
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Henry Norris Russell
1877-1957 USA Astronomie
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used photographic methods to measure stellar parallaxes, leading to the discovery of the relationship between absolute magnitude and spectral types of stars; a plot of this relationship is now called a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (or H-R diagram)
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392 |
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Bernhard Schmidt
1879-1935 La Suède Astronomie
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invented and constructed the first Schmidt reflecting telescope using a corrector plate he devised to eliminate aberration of the image
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393 |
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Arthur Eddington
1882-1944 Royaume-Uni Astronomie
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first to confirm Einstein's prediction that light will bend near a star; discovered the mass-luminosity relation for stars; theoretically explained the pulsation of Cepheid variables
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394 |
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Harlow Shapley
1885-1972 USA Astronomie
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discovered the size of our galaxy and the direction of its center by studying the distribution of globular clusters; determined the orbits of many eclipsing binary stars
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395 |
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Edwin Hubble
1889-1953 USA Astronomie
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first to measure distance to the Andromeda nebula, establishing it to be a separate galaxy; later measured distances to other galaxies and discovered that they recede at a rate proportional to their distance (Hubble's law)
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396 |
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Walter Baade
1893-1960 Allemagne Astronomie
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discovered the asteroids Hidalgo and Icarus; established two different stellar classes: the younger, hotter ``Population I'' and the older, cooler ``Population II''
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397 |
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Georges-Henri Lemaitre
1894-1966 La Belgique Astronomie
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advanced idea that the Universe originated as a small, dense ``cosmic egg'' that exploded and set its expansion into motion
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398 |
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Rudolph Minkowski
1895-1976 Allemagne Astronomie
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divided supernovae into Types I and II; optically identified many of the early radio sources
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399 |
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Bernard-Ferdinand Lyot
1897-1952 France Astronomie
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invented the coronagraph
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400 |
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Otto Struve
1897-1963 La Russie Astronomie
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made detailed spectroscopic studies of close binary stars; discovered interstellar matter (H II regions)
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